The three color matching methods refer to the techniques used to combine colors effectively. These methods include complementary colors, analogous colors, and monochromatic colors. Complementary colors are pairs of colors that, when combined, cancel each other out to produce a grayscale. Analogous colors are those that are next to each other on the color wheel and create a harmonious blend. Monochromatic colors are variations of a single hue, often used to create a sense of depth and unity in a design.