Summarize the development of Japanese Zen rock garden

Quick answer：

Japanese Zen rock gardens, known as 'karesansui,' originated in the 15th century during the Muromachi period. Initially, they were influenced by Chinese landscape gardening and were used for meditation. Over time, they evolved into a distinct art form, emphasizing simplicity, natural elements, and the use of raked sand and rock arrangements to represent natural landscapes. By the Edo period, karesansui gardens were more commonly found in urban settings, and their design principles were codified, leading to the formation of various styles like suiseki, roji, and dry landscape gardens. Today, they remain popular worldwide for their serene and minimalist aesthetic.