Picture of a sunken courtyard in a villa

Quick answer：

A sunken courtyard in a villa typically refers to a courtyard that is located below the level of the villa itself. This architectural feature can create a sense of privacy and a separate outdoor space. Sunken courtyards are often used in traditional Asian architecture, as well as in modern residential designs that aim to blend indoor and outdoor living spaces. They can be decorated with various elements such as plants, water features, and seating areas to enhance the aesthetic and functional aspects of the space.