Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. Color matching in Objective-C typically involves using color values and converting them between different color spaces. Developers often use UIKit and Foundation frameworks for handling color operations. This can include defining colors using hexadecimal values, RGB, or HSL formats, and applying them to UI elements like buttons, labels, and backgrounds. Understanding color theory and how to apply it effectively in UI design is important in Objective-C development.