Gradient mapping is a technique used in graphic design to create smooth transitions between two or more colors. It is often used in poster design to create visually appealing color gradients that can highlight certain elements or convey a specific mood. Color values refer to the numerical representation of colors, typically in hexadecimal format (e.g., #FFFFFF for white). In the context of gradient mapping, these values are used to define the start and end points of the gradient, as well as any intermediate colors that may be included in the transition.