A good color scheme for scientific illustrations is crucial for enhancing clarity and readability. It involves choosing colors that are visually appealing and effective in conveying the data or information. This can include color theory principles such as contrast, harmony, and saturation. Popular color schemes for scientific illustrations include monochromatic, complementary, split-complementary, triadic, and tetradic. These schemes can be applied to graphs, charts, and diagrams to make them more informative and aesthetically pleasing.