The design of courtyards and sunken courtyards involves creating outdoor spaces within a building or structure. Courtyards typically serve as a peaceful, central area for a home or office, often with greenery, seating, and a water feature. Sunken courtyards, also known as lower gardens, are situated below the ground level, often creating a more intimate and secluded space. Design considerations include landscape architecture, structural integrity, and aesthetic integration with the surrounding environment.