Cool and warm color schemes in UI design refer to the use of colors that evoke cool or warm emotions and sensations. Cool colors, such as blues and greens, are often associated with calmness, serenity, and professionalism. Warm colors, like reds and oranges, are more energetic and can evoke feelings of warmth, passion, or urgency. Designers choose these color schemes based on the desired mood or function of the UI.