Color schemes in design and art often categorize colors into cool and warm hues. Cool colors are typically associated with calmness and are found on the blue-green spectrum, including blue, green, and purple. Warm colors evoke a sense of warmth and energy and are found on the red-yellow spectrum, including red, orange, and yellow. These color schemes are used to create visual balance and emotional response in various contexts such as interior design, marketing, and fashion.