Japanese sunken landscapes, also known as 'kakemono niwa', are a traditional Japanese garden design feature. They involve lowering certain areas of the garden below ground level to create a sense of depth and tranquility. These areas often include water features like ponds or streams, and are surrounded by stepping stones and lush plant life. The concept aims to blend the garden with the natural surroundings, offering a serene and harmonious environment for relaxation and contemplation.