In Adobe After Effects (AE), adjusting layer color can be done through various methods. You can use the 'Color' effect to change the hue, saturation, and brightness of a layer. Additionally, you can adjust color settings in the 'Layer Style' panel, such as 'Blend If' for blending layers based on color. For more advanced color adjustments, consider using 'Color Correction' effects like 'Color Balance', 'Curves', or 'Levels'. These tools allow for precise control over the color of individual layers within your composition.